On Monday, the UN Security Council will vote to extend permission for the delivery of aid from Turkey.
Humanitarian workers in the final pocket of Syria controlled by the opposition are concerned that if the UN is forced to halt aid deliveries from Turkey across the border, the cholera epidemic already ravaging the area will worsen.
The four million residents of the region, who endure appalling conditions, are heavily reliant on the food and medical supplies that are transported across the border thanks to a 2014 UN Security Council resolution that permitted such shipments despite the Syrian government’s objections.
The Security Council is due to vote on Monday, a day before the current authorisation expires, on renewing it for a further six months. Health workers in the zone, which comprises most of the province of Idlib and parts of Aleppo province in northwestern Syria, fear the consequences should Syria’s ally Russia veto it or place further restrictions on the programme.
“The capabilities of the health sector are already very weak, and we suffer from an acute shortage of medicines, medical supplies and serums,” said Zuhair al-Qurat, the head of Idlib’s health directorate.
“Stopping cross-border aid will have a multiplier effect on the cholera outbreak in the region,” he told Reuters.
Though diplomats say Russia has indicated it will allow the authorisation’s renewal, uncertainty remains.
Russia’s deputy UN ambassador Dmitry Polyanskiy told Reuters the implementation of the current resolution – adopted in July – was “far from our expectations” and a final decision would be made by Moscow on Monday.
Catastrophic consequences
Top UN officials, including aid chief Martin Griffiths, have warned that ending the operation would be “catastrophic”.
Idlib has recorded more than 14,000 suspected cholera cases and Aleppo more than 11,000 since the outbreak began in September, making them the second and fourth worst-hit provinces in Syria respectively.
They are particularly vulnerable because they rely on water from the Euphrates river to drink and irrigate crops, and because the health sector in opposition-held Syria has been battered by more than a decade of war.
The UN authorisation allows agencies to bring in hygiene kits, chlorine tablets to disinfect water and equipment for eight cholera treatment centres with more than 200 beds. Non-governmental groups also truck safe drinking water to homes.
Without it, international NGOs would not have international legal cover and could not keep up with the pace and quantities of aid needed, three aid workers told Reuters.
That is in part because large donor countries trust that aid brought in through the UN will not be politicised, unfairly distributed or seized by hardline armed groups.
The chlorine used to disinfect water presents a particular challenge. The chemical has been used in Syria as a weapon of war, prompting concerns among donors that would slow down its procurement for cholera treatment by humanitarian organisations other than the UN, the aid workers said.
“These centres and health facilities would be suspended. Supplies … transhipped specifically for the cholera pandemic in the northwest would be interrupted – fluid, serums, injections, oral medications,” said Mohammad Jassim, the International Rescue Committee’s northwest Syria coordinator.
Even if the resolution is renewed for another six months, health workers have already suffered from short-term renewals, leaving them unable to plan ahead, said Osama Abou el-Ezz, the head of the Syrian-American Medical Society (SAMS) in Aleppo.