A recent report from the United Nations reveals that drug traffickers operating in Southeast Asia have devised new methods to smuggle crystal methamphetamine, commonly known as ice, to lucrative markets outside the region.
To avoid detection by land patrols in countries like Thailand and China, criminal gangs have shifted their focus to transporting drugs by sea, making their activities more challenging to detect.
The UN Office on Drugs and Crime highlights that these criminal organizations have become adept at anticipating and circumventing law enforcement efforts. The illicit ice trade primarily targets countries such as Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand.
The report also emphasizes that the illegal drug trade, particularly the production and distribution of methamphetamines, continues to thrive and shows no signs of slowing down.
Much of the production originates from super labs located in parts of Myanmar, with the Shan state being a significant hub. Traffickers exploit the borders of Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand, collectively known as the Golden Triangle, to smuggle drugs out of the region.
“In 2022, we saw them work around Thai borders more than in the past,” said Jeremy Douglas, the UN agency’s regional representative.
“Traffickers have continued to ship large volumes through Laos and northern Thailand, but at the same time they have pushed significant supply through central Myanmar to the Andaman Sea, where it seems few were looking.”
The meth comes in two main forms: pills known as yaba or highly addictive crystal meth (ice).
In recent years, both Thai and Chinese police, backed by neighbouring forces, have stepped up operations in the Golden Triangle.
Criminal gangs use Thailand as a transit country to get high value crystal meth to a third country such as Australia or New Zealand where the street value of the drug can be 10 times higher than in Bangkok.
High volumes of Myanmar meth is also making its way into Bangladesh and India, according to the report.
In the last year, Thai and Chinese authorities have seen a significant drop in drug seizures.
Police across East Asia and South East Asia seized nearly 151 tonnes of methamphetamines in 2022, down from a record of 172 tonnes in 2021.
However, the price of 1kg (2.2lbs) of crystal meth is at an all-time low, which suggests that supplies are still high.
Officials believe criminal gangs have found ways to “diversify” their network and move the drugs using alternative maritime routes. Thai drug enforcement agents are managing to intercept some of the supplies at sea.
Earlier this week, after a four-month operation following drug smugglers, Thai authorities seized more than 900kg of crystal meth from a trawler in the Gulf of Thailand, about 32km (20 miles) from the tourist island of Samed. Six crew members were arrested in the operation.
Officers said the drugs would have been transferred from the small Thai boat to a bigger trawler which would have likely taken the drugs to Australia.
Authorities across the region also seized a record 27.4 tonnes of ketamine in 2022, which is an anaesthetic misused as a recreational party drug. That’s up 167% on 2021.
The report highlighted one ketamine laboratory in Cambodia which they said was capable of “industrial scale” production.
It also expressed concern that Cambodia had become “a key transit and to some extent production point for the regional drug trade”.
“The discovery of a series of clandestine ketamine laboratories, processing warehouses, and storage facilities across the country has set off alarm bells in the region,” the report said.