The UK is returning some of Ghana’s valuable treasures that were taken from the king’s court 150 years ago.
A gold peace pipe is one of 32 things that will be returned on loan for a long time, the media has found out.
The V&A museum is giving 17 things and 15 of them are from the British Museum.
Ghana’s main negotiator said he wants better cultural cooperation after many years of anger.
Some national museums in the UK, like the V&A and the British Museum, are not allowed to permanently return disputed items in their collections. Instead, they can lend the items to other countries as a way to give them back temporarily.
However, some countries that say they own disputed artifacts are worried that by borrowing them, it will seem like they agree that the UK owns them.
Tristram Hunt, who is in charge of the V&A museum, told the media that the gold items used by the court are like our important Crown Jewels.
The things that will be borrowed include a special sword and gold badges. These were taken during wars in the 1800s between the British and the Asante. The badges were worn by officials who had the job of helping the king.
Mr Hunt said that when museums have things taken from wars and military campaigns, they should think about sharing them more fairly with the countries they came from.
“I don’t think our museums will be in danger if we form partnerships and trade with others. ”
However, Hunt said the new cultural partnership is not a way to give back permanent ownership to Ghana.
The loans will last for three years, and there is a possibility to extend them for another three years. They are not with the government of Ghana, but with Otumfo Osei Tutu II, who is the current Asante king. He is also known as the Asantehene and attended the Coronation of King Charles last year.
The Asantehene still has an important ceremonial role, even though his kingdom is now part of Ghana’s modern government.
The things will be shown at the Manhyia Palace Museum in Kumasi, the main city of the Asante region, to honor the Asantehene’s 25th anniversary.
The Asante gold artifacts are very important to the Asante royal government. People think they have the spirits of past Asante kings in them.
They are very important to Ghana just like the Benin Bronzes. The Benin Bronzes are thousands of sculptures and plaques that were taken by Britain from the palace of the Kingdom of Benin, in southern Nigeria. Nigeria has been asking for them to come back for many years.
Nana Oforiatta Ayim, who helps the culture minister in Ghana, said to the media: “These items are not just things, they are also very important for spiritual reasons. ” They are an important part of the country’s spirit. “It’s parts of us coming back. ”
She said that the loan was a good way to start and a sign that some healing and remembering of the violence that happened is beginning.
British museums have a lot of stuff from Ghana, like a gold trophy head that is a well-known piece of Asante royalty.
The Asante people created a strong and powerful state in West Africa. They traded gold, textiles, and enslaved people.
The kingdom was well known for being strong and rich because of its army and money. Even today, when the Asantehene greets people on important events, he wears so many heavy gold bracelets that he sometimes needs someone to help hold up his arm.
Europeans went to a place in Africa called the Gold Coast because they heard there was a lot of money there. The British had many fights with the Asante people during the 1800s.
In 1874, British soldiers attacked Kumasi as punishment for an Asante attack. They looted the city and took many valuable items from the palace.
Many of the things the V&A is giving back were purchased at an auction on 18 April 1874 at Garrards, a London jewelry store that looks after the UK’s Crown Jewels.
They are three heavy gold items called ‘soul washers’ badges (Akrafokonmu), which were worn around the necks of important officials at court. Their job was to cleanse the soul of the king.
Angus Patterson, who works at the V&A museum, said that taking these things in the 19th Century wasn’t just about getting rich, but it was a part of it. It’s also about getting rid of signs of the government or signs of people in charge. “It’s a very political action”.
The British Museum is giving back 15 items that were taken during a war in 1895-1896. One of the items is a special sword called the Mpomponsuo.
There is also a special hat called a Denkyemke, which is decorated with lots of gold ornaments. High-ranking officials like lords or ladies wore it at important events like coronations and big celebrations.
The British Museum is sharing a gold model of a lute-harp called Sankuo. It’s almost 200 years old and has a connection with the Asantehenes. This model was not stolen or taken and will be on display.
In 1817, the British writer and diplomat Thomas Bowdich was given a sankuo as a gift from the Asantehene. The gift was meant to show how rich and powerful the Asante nation was.
“Solve the problems without getting involved in the politics. ”
Can you give back things to a country that says you took them without permission.
This is a solution to rules in the UK that some countries may not like because they are trying to fix something bad that happened in the past.
The Parthenon Sculptures, also known as the Elgin Marbles in the UK, is the most well-known example of this issue.
Greece has been asking for the old sculptures in the British Museum to be given back. The leader of the trustees, George Osborne, recently said he wants to find a practical and sensible solution. He is considering a partnership that sets aside the question of who really owns the ancient sculptures.
This deal with the Asantehene is like another version of that; a fair agreement that works for the Asante king and follows the laws of Britain.
Nigeria probably wouldn’t take a loan of the Benin Bronzes, and Ghana’s government would have had a hard time accepting this kind of agreement.
But Hunt said the agreements between the V&A, the British Museum, and the Manhyia Palace Museum “go beyond politics. ” “It doesn’t fix the problem, but it starts the talk. ”
Ms Oforiatta Ayim, who advises the culture minister of Ghana, said that it is natural for people to be upset about the idea of a loan. They hope to see the items eventually returned to Ghana for good.
“We know that the things were taken during a violent event, and we know that they belong to the Asante people,” she said.
The British government keeps things that are disputed and explains why they are kept.
Neither the Conservative or Labour parties want to change the laws. The British Museum Act of 1963 and the National Heritage Act of 1983 stop museum leaders at important museums from selling or getting rid of things in their collections.
Mr Hunt wants to make a new law. He wants museums to have more freedom, but also a committee to approve returning items.
Some are worried that British museums might have to give away some of their most valuable items in the future. Or, as Michelle Donelan, a former culture secretary, told me about the return of the Parthenon Sculptures, it could lead to a discussion about everything in our museums.
But Hunt said that very few people have argued about who owns the V&A’s 2. 8
Another worry is that things that are borrowed and fought over might not be given back.
Ghana’s main negotiator, Ivor Agyeman-Duah, denied that. “He said you always keep your promises and never break them. ”
There are more pretty Asante gold things in the UK. The Wallace Collection has the trophy head, which is one of the most well-known Asante treasures. The British forces took it and bought it at the 1874 auction.
The Royal Collection also has a mask made of gold, which looks like a trophy head. This item showed that enemies had been beaten. It was attached to ceremonial swords in the state’s special equipment.
Is there a chance that they will be shown in Ghana in the future. Agyeman-Duah is being careful and patient in making it happen.
As Britain is dealing more and more with its history of ruling other countries, these agreements could be a good way to talk about the past and improve relationships in the future, as long as both sides agree.