The following analysis by GRIDCo delves into Ghana’s power supply situation spanning from March 27 to April 2, 2024, shedding light on the factors contributing to the recurrence of dumsor or load management.
Since the onset of March 2024, GRIDCo has been diligently monitoring Ghana’s power generation crisis, acknowledging the hurdles in meeting the nation’s electricity demands. The decision to curtail power exports as of March 27 underscores the severity of the situation, signaling an urgent need for proactive measures and strategic planning.
Ghana’s peak electricity demand has surged to 3,618 MW, surpassing the available capacity of 3,251 MW by a significant margin. Despite having an installed capacity of 5,626 MW, the country is utilizing only around 58% of its total capacity, resulting in a substantial deficit of 2,375 MW. This deficit is further compounded by a 740 MW shortfall attributed to ongoing maintenance activities, placing additional strain on the electricity supply infrastructure.
Amidst the maintenance-related challenges, uncertainties loom over the restoration timelines for 330 MW of capacity, adding complexity to the grid’s stability. Moreover, the absence of 4 thermal plants, collectively capable of generating 595 MW, due to inadequate fuel supply exacerbates the situation. Additionally, a fault in the TICO unit 3 plant has rendered 120 MW unavailable until December 2024, impacting the entire year’s power generation by that capacity.
As a result, Ghana grapples with a significant 1,455 MW shortfall in electricity generation capability, with limitations in gas supply further exacerbating the challenge. Despite efforts to reduce power exports by 40% during peak hours to prioritize local demand, the gap persists.
The hydroelectric landscape presents a mixed picture, with the Akosombo dam maintaining stable electricity generation owing to its sufficient water levels. However, declining water levels at the Bui dam raise concerns. If this downward trend persists, the Bui dam’s ability to generate power could be compromised, necessitating its restricted usage to peak hours only.